/* ==========================================================================
   NOVA JOURNAL — Design System
   Hex Softwares Web Development Internship — Task 1
   Mobile-first base styles. Breakpoint overrides live in responsive.css
   ========================================================================== */

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Manrope:wght@400;500;600;700;800&family=Sora:wght@400;600;700;800&display=swap');

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1. DESIGN TOKENS
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

:root {
  /* Brand constants — identical in both themes (decorative use only) */
  --brand-cyan: #00D4FF;
  --brand-blue: #1E90FF;
  --brand-navy: #0A0E1A;
  --brand-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--brand-cyan) 0%, var(--brand-blue) 100%);

  /* Typography */
  --font-display: 'Sora', 'Segoe UI', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
  --font-body: 'Manrope', 'Segoe UI', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;

  --fs-xs: 0.75rem;
  --fs-sm: 0.875rem;
  --fs-base: 1rem;
  --fs-md: 1.0625rem;
  --fs-lg: 1.25rem;
  --fs-xl: 1.5rem;
  --fs-2xl: 2rem;
  --fs-3xl: 2.5rem;
  --fs-4xl: 3.25rem;

  /* Spacing scale (4/8px rhythm) */
  --sp-1: 4px;
  --sp-2: 8px;
  --sp-3: 12px;
  --sp-4: 16px;
  --sp-5: 24px;
  --sp-6: 32px;
  --sp-7: 48px;
  --sp-8: 64px;
  --sp-9: 96px;

  /* Radius */
  --r-sm: 8px;
  --r-md: 12px;
  --r-lg: 16px;
  --r-xl: 24px;
  --r-pill: 999px;

  /* Layout */
  --max-w: 1180px;
  --max-w-narrow: 720px;
  --header-h: 68px;

  /* Motion */
  --t-fast: 140ms cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1);
  --t-base: 240ms cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1);
  --t-slow: 420ms cubic-bezier(.16, 1, .3, 1);

  /* Layering */
  --z-header: 100;
  --z-drawer: 200;
  --z-modal: 400;
  --z-toast: 500;
}

/* ---- Dark theme (brand default) ---- */
:root,
[data-theme="dark"] {
  --bg: #0A0E1A;
  --bg-elevated: #0E1422;
  --surface: #121A2B;
  --surface-2: #182236;
  --surface-hover: #1D2941;
  --border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.09);
  --border-strong: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);

  --text: #E9EEF7;
  --text-muted: #9BAAC2;
  --text-faint: #6C7C96;

  /* Accent used for TEXT and ICONS — contrast-checked against --bg */
  --accent: #00D4FF;
  --accent-2: #5BB0FF;
  --accent-soft: rgba(0, 212, 255, 0.12);
  --accent-ring: rgba(0, 212, 255, 0.38);

  --danger: #FF6B6B;
  --danger-soft: rgba(255, 107, 107, 0.13);
  --success: #38E0A6;
  --success-soft: rgba(56, 224, 166, 0.13);

  --btn-on-accent: #04121F;

  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .4);
  --shadow-md: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, .42);
  --shadow-lg: 0 20px 56px rgba(0, 0, 0, .55);
  --shadow-glow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 150, 220, .16);

  --scrim: rgba(4, 8, 16, .72);
}

/* ---- Light theme ---- */
[data-theme="light"] {
  --bg: #F6F8FC;
  --bg-elevated: #FFFFFF;
  --surface: #FFFFFF;
  --surface-2: #EEF3FA;
  --surface-hover: #E6EDF7;
  --border: #DEE6F1;
  --border-strong: #C6D3E4;

  --text: #0A0E1A;
  --text-muted: #4B5A70;
  --text-faint: #6B7A91;

  /* Darkened cyan so accent TEXT stays >= 4.5:1 on white surfaces */
  --accent: #06708F;
  --accent-2: #1257C4;
  --accent-soft: rgba(6, 112, 143, 0.10);
  --accent-ring: rgba(6, 112, 143, 0.35);

  --danger: #C7342F;
  --danger-soft: rgba(199, 52, 47, 0.09);
  --success: #067A55;
  --success-soft: rgba(6, 122, 85, 0.10);

  --btn-on-accent: #04121F;

  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(16, 32, 56, .07);
  --shadow-md: 0 8px 24px rgba(16, 32, 56, .10);
  --shadow-lg: 0 20px 56px rgba(16, 32, 56, .14);
  --shadow-glow: 0 4px 16px rgba(30, 144, 255, .12);

  --scrim: rgba(255, 255, 255, .70);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2. RESET & BASE
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

*,
*::before,
*::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  scroll-padding-top: calc(var(--header-h) + 16px);
  /* `clip` contains the off-screen mobile drawer without creating a scroll
     container, so position:sticky on the header keeps working. */
  overflow-x: clip;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: var(--fs-base);
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--bg);
  min-height: 100vh;
  min-height: 100dvh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  transition: background-color var(--t-base), color var(--t-base);
}

img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
svg { flex-shrink: 0; }

h1, h2, h3, h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -0.022em;
  color: var(--text);
}

a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; transition: color var(--t-fast); }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-2); }

button { font: inherit; color: inherit; background: none; border: none; cursor: pointer; }
input, textarea, select { font: inherit; color: inherit; }

/* Visible focus for keyboard users only */
:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

::selection { background: var(--accent-soft); color: var(--text); }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   3. LAYOUT HELPERS
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--max-w);
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: var(--sp-5);
}

.container-narrow { max-width: var(--max-w-narrow); }

main { flex: 1 0 auto; width: 100%; }

.section { padding-block: var(--sp-7); }
.section-lg { padding-block: var(--sp-8); }

.section-head {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-5);
}

.section-title { font-size: var(--fs-xl); }

.section-sub {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  margin-top: var(--sp-1);
}

.eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-3);
}

.eyebrow::before {
  content: '';
  width: 22px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--brand-gradient);
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.sr-only {
  position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px;
  padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0;
}

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  left: var(--sp-4);
  top: -80px;
  z-index: calc(var(--z-header) + 10);
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--btn-on-accent);
  padding: var(--sp-3) var(--sp-5);
  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: top var(--t-fast);
}

.skip-link:focus { top: var(--sp-3); color: var(--btn-on-accent); }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   4. HEADER / NAVIGATION
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: var(--z-header);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 82%, transparent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: background var(--t-base), border-color var(--t-base), box-shadow var(--t-base);
}

@supports (backdrop-filter: blur(1px)) {
  .site-header { backdrop-filter: saturate(160%) blur(14px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(160%) blur(14px); }
}

/* Fallback for browsers without color-mix */
@supports not (background: color-mix(in srgb, red 50%, blue)) {
  .site-header { background: var(--bg); }
}

.site-header.is-scrolled {
  border-bottom-color: var(--border);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.header-inner {
  height: var(--header-h);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-4);
}

.brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-right: auto;
  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
}

.brand img {
  height: 34px;
  width: auto;
  transition: opacity var(--t-fast);
}

.brand:hover img { opacity: .85; }

/* The logo PNG is transparent with white lettering, which is invisible on a
   light surface. Inverting flips the lettering to near-black, and the paired
   hue-rotate returns the cyan orbit to its original blue family. */
[data-theme="light"] .brand img,
[data-theme="light"] .footer-brand img {
  filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg);
}

.site-nav ul {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-1);
}

.nav-link {
  display: block;
  padding: var(--sp-2) var(--sp-4);
  border-radius: var(--r-pill);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: color var(--t-fast), background var(--t-fast);
}

.nav-link:hover { color: var(--text); background: var(--surface-2); }

.nav-link[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent-soft);
}

.header-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   5. BUTTONS
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.btn {
  --btn-py: 11px;
  --btn-px: 20px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  padding: var(--btn-py) var(--btn-px);
  min-height: 44px;
  border-radius: var(--r-pill);
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  white-space: nowrap;
  cursor: pointer;
  border: 1.5px solid transparent;
  transition: transform var(--t-fast), box-shadow var(--t-base),
              background var(--t-base), color var(--t-base), border-color var(--t-base);
}

.btn:active { transform: translateY(1px); }

.btn svg { width: 17px; height: 17px; }

.btn-primary {
  background: var(--brand-gradient);
  color: var(--btn-on-accent);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-glow);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  color: var(--btn-on-accent);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 170, 235, .26);
}

.btn-ghost {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: var(--border-strong);
  color: var(--text);
}

.btn-ghost:hover {
  color: var(--text);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent-soft);
}

.btn-solid {
  background: var(--surface-2);
  color: var(--text);
  border-color: var(--border);
}

.btn-solid:hover { background: var(--surface-hover); color: var(--text); }

.btn-danger {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: var(--danger);
  color: var(--danger);
}

.btn-danger:hover { background: var(--danger-soft); color: var(--danger); }

/* Compact padding, but the 44px minimum touch target is preserved */
.btn-sm { --btn-py: 7px; --btn-px: 14px; min-height: 44px; font-size: var(--fs-xs); }
.btn-lg { --btn-py: 14px; --btn-px: 30px; min-height: 52px; font-size: var(--fs-base); }
.btn-block { width: 100%; }

/* Icon-only button — always paired with aria-label */
.btn-icon {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 0;
  display: inline-grid;
  place-items: center;
  border-radius: var(--r-pill);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
  background: transparent;
  transition: color var(--t-fast), background var(--t-fast),
              border-color var(--t-fast), transform var(--t-fast);
}

.btn-icon:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent-soft);
}

.btn-icon svg { width: 19px; height: 19px; }

.btn-icon.is-active { color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); }

/* Theme toggle swaps icons based on active theme */
.theme-toggle .icon-moon { display: none; }
[data-theme="light"] .theme-toggle .icon-sun { display: none; }
[data-theme="light"] .theme-toggle .icon-moon { display: block; }

/* Hamburger — shown only on small screens (see responsive.css) */
.nav-toggle { display: none; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   6. HERO
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.hero {
  position: relative;
  padding-block: var(--sp-8) var(--sp-7);
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Left-aligned editorial masthead, not a centred marketing hero */
.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--sp-6);
  align-items: center;
}

.hero-inner { max-width: 60ch; }

.masthead {
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
  color: var(--text-faint);
  padding-bottom: var(--sp-3);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.hero h1 {
  font-size: var(--fs-3xl);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  text-wrap: balance;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}

.hero-sub {
  font-size: var(--fs-md);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  max-width: 58ch;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-6);
}

.hero-cta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: var(--sp-3); }

/* The orbit from the NOVA wordmark, reused as the hero's visual anchor.
   Decorative, but tied to the identity rather than an abstract blob. */
.hero-mark {
  display: none;
  justify-self: center;
  color: var(--accent);
  opacity: .5;
}

.hero-mark svg { width: min(280px, 34vw); height: auto; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   7. COVER IMAGES & PLACEHOLDERS
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.cover {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: var(--r-md);
  background: var(--surface-2);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform var(--t-slow);
}

/* Gradient placeholder shown when a post has no image at all */
.cover-placeholder {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  display: grid;
  place-content: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  justify-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  padding: var(--sp-4);
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 30% 25%, rgba(0, 212, 255, .30), transparent 58%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 75% 78%, rgba(30, 144, 255, .30), transparent 58%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #0B1020 0%, #14213C 100%);
}

.cover-placeholder svg { width: 30px; height: 30px; color: var(--brand-cyan); opacity: .9; }

.cover-placeholder span {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #EAF6FF;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8. CARDS
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.grid { display: grid; gap: var(--sp-5); }

.post-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--r-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform var(--t-base), box-shadow var(--t-base), border-color var(--t-base);
}

.post-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  border-color: var(--border-strong);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.post-card:hover .cover img { transform: scale(1.06); }

.post-card-body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  flex: 1;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  padding: var(--sp-5);
}

.post-card h3 {
  font-size: var(--fs-lg);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.post-card h3 a { color: var(--text); }
.post-card h3 a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.post-excerpt {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  flex: 1;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.post-card-foot {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  padding-top: var(--sp-3);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.card-tools { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--sp-1); }

/* Kept at the 44px minimum touch target; the transparent border keeps it light */
.card-tools .btn-icon { border-color: transparent; }
.card-tools .btn-icon svg { width: 17px; height: 17px; }
.card-tools .btn-icon:hover { border-color: var(--accent); }
.card-tools .btn-icon.danger:hover { color: var(--danger); border-color: var(--danger); background: var(--danger-soft); }

.read-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.read-link svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; transition: transform var(--t-fast); }
.read-link:hover svg { transform: translateX(4px); }

/* ---- Featured card (horizontal on desktop) ---- */
.featured-card {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}

.featured-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 1;
  pointer-events: none;
  border-radius: inherit;
  padding: 1px;
  background: var(--brand-gradient);
  -webkit-mask: linear-gradient(#000 0 0) content-box, linear-gradient(#000 0 0);
  mask: linear-gradient(#000 0 0) content-box, linear-gradient(#000 0 0);
  -webkit-mask-composite: xor;
  mask-composite: exclude;
  opacity: .28;
}

.featured-card .cover { border-radius: 0; height: 100%; }
.featured-card:hover .cover img { transform: scale(1.04); }

.featured-body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-4);
  padding: var(--sp-6);
  justify-content: center;
}

.featured-body h2 { font-size: var(--fs-2xl); }
.featured-body h2 a { color: var(--text); }
.featured-body h2 a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.featured-body .post-excerpt { -webkit-line-clamp: 4; line-clamp: 4; font-size: var(--fs-base); }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   9. BADGES, CHIPS, AVATARS, META
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  padding: 4px 11px;
  border-radius: var(--r-pill);
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .01em;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  color: var(--accent);
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.badge-featured { background: var(--brand-gradient); color: var(--btn-on-accent); }
.badge-outline { background: transparent; border-color: var(--border-strong); color: var(--text-muted); }

/* Per-category colour coding — supplemented by the text label, never colour alone */
.badge[data-cat="Artificial Intelligence"] { background: rgba(0, 212, 255, .13);  color: var(--accent); }
.badge[data-cat="Software Development"]    { background: rgba(56, 224, 166, .13); color: #23B98A; }
.badge[data-cat="Entrepreneurship"]        { background: rgba(255, 176, 60, .14);  color: #D08A1E; }
.badge[data-cat="Digital Innovation"]      { background: rgba(140, 110, 255, .15); color: #8B72FF; }
.badge[data-cat="Education"]               { background: rgba(30, 144, 255, .14);  color: #3E8FE0; }
.badge[data-cat="Entertainment"]           { background: rgba(255, 107, 168, .14); color: #E0609B; }

[data-theme="light"] .badge[data-cat="Software Development"] { color: #0A7A5A; }
[data-theme="light"] .badge[data-cat="Entrepreneurship"]     { color: #9A6008; }
[data-theme="light"] .badge[data-cat="Digital Innovation"]   { color: #5B3FD1; }
[data-theme="light"] .badge[data-cat="Education"]            { color: #1257C4; }
[data-theme="light"] .badge[data-cat="Entertainment"]        { color: #B02A65; }

.post-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2) var(--sp-3);
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.post-meta .dot { width: 3px; height: 3px; border-radius: 50%; background: currentColor; opacity: .55; }

.meta-item { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px; }
.meta-item svg { width: 13px; height: 13px; opacity: .8; }

.avatar {
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--brand-gradient);
  color: var(--btn-on-accent);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
}

.avatar-lg { width: 46px; height: 46px; font-size: var(--fs-sm); }

.author-row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--sp-3); }

/* Category chip row */
.chip-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
}

.chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  padding: 9px 17px;
  min-height: 42px;
  border-radius: var(--r-pill);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--surface);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: color var(--t-fast), background var(--t-fast),
              border-color var(--t-fast), transform var(--t-fast);
}

.chip:hover { color: var(--text); border-color: var(--border-strong); transform: translateY(-2px); }

.chip[aria-pressed="true"],
.chip.is-active {
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  color: var(--accent);
}

.chip .count {
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  opacity: .7;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

/* Tag pills inside an article */
.tag-list { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: var(--sp-2); }

.tag {
  padding: 5px 12px;
  border-radius: var(--r-pill);
  background: var(--surface-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.tag::before { content: '#'; opacity: .55; margin-right: 2px; }

/* Saved-articles chip carries an icon so it reads as a mode, not a topic */
.chip-saved svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; }
.chip-saved[aria-pressed="true"] svg { color: var(--accent); }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   9b. TOPIC INDEX  ("Explore Our Topics")
   Deliberately NOT an article card: a ruled editorial index entry, so the
   two sections do not read as the same repeated grid.
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.topic-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--sp-5) var(--sp-6);
}

.topic-card {
  display: block;
  padding-top: var(--sp-4);
  border-top: 2px solid var(--border);
  color: var(--text);
  transition: border-color var(--t-base), transform var(--t-base);
}

.topic-card:hover,
.topic-card:focus-visible {
  border-top-color: var(--accent);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  color: var(--text);
}

.topic-name {
  font-size: var(--fs-base);
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-2);
  transition: color var(--t-fast);
}

.topic-card:hover .topic-name { color: var(--accent); }

.topic-blurb {
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-3);
}

.topic-count {
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  color: var(--text-faint);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   9c. BREADCRUMBS
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.breadcrumbs { margin-bottom: var(--sp-4); }

.breadcrumbs ol {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
}

.breadcrumbs li { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--sp-2); }
.breadcrumbs li + li::before { content: '/'; color: var(--text-faint); opacity: .6; }
.breadcrumbs a { color: var(--text-muted); }
.breadcrumbs a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.breadcrumbs [aria-current="page"] { color: var(--text); font-weight: 600; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   9d. SKILL LIST (About) — a ruled definition list, not another card grid
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.skill-list { display: grid; gap: 0; }

.skill-row {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--sp-1) var(--sp-5);
  padding-block: var(--sp-4);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.skill-row:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }

.skill-row dt {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--text);
}

.skill-row dd {
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .skill-row { grid-template-columns: 200px minmax(0, 1fr); align-items: baseline; }
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   10. STATS / ABOUT PREVIEW / NEWSLETTER
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  padding: var(--sp-6);
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 12% 0%, var(--accent-soft), transparent 55%),
    var(--surface);
}

.stat { text-align: center; }

.stat-num {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--fs-2xl);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  background: var(--brand-gradient);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  background-clip: text;
  color: transparent;
}

.stat-label {
  display: block;
  margin-top: var(--sp-2);
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .09em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.panel {
  padding: var(--sp-6);
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--surface);
}

.panel-gradient {
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 85% 10%, var(--accent-soft), transparent 58%),
    var(--surface);
}

.about-preview { display: grid; gap: var(--sp-5); align-items: center; }

.about-portrait {
  width: 104px;
  height: 104px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  border: 2px solid var(--accent);
  padding: 3px;
  background: var(--bg);
}

/* Typographic monogram stands in for a portrait. An honest placeholder
   beats a stock face — swap in a real photo when one is available. */
.monogram {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--surface-2);
  padding: 0;
}

.newsletter-form {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  margin-top: var(--sp-4);
}

.newsletter-form .field { flex: 1 1 240px; margin: 0; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   11. TOOLBAR (search / filter / sort)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.toolbar {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-4);
  padding: var(--sp-5);
  border-radius: var(--r-lg);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--surface);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-6);
}

.toolbar-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  align-items: center;
}

.search-box { position: relative; flex: 1 1 260px; }

.search-box svg {
  position: absolute;
  left: 15px;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 17px;
  height: 17px;
  color: var(--text-faint);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.search-box input { padding-left: 44px; }

.select-wrap { position: relative; flex: 0 0 auto; }

.select-wrap select {
  appearance: none;
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  padding: 11px 42px 11px 16px;
  min-height: 44px;
  border-radius: var(--r-pill);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--surface-2);
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.select-wrap::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  right: 17px;
  top: 50%;
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-right: 2px solid var(--text-muted);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--text-muted);
  transform: translateY(-70%) rotate(45deg);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.result-count {
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.result-count strong { color: var(--text); }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   12. FORMS
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.form-grid { display: grid; gap: var(--sp-4); }

.field { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 7px; }

.field-label {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 4px;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text);
}

.field-label .req { color: var(--danger); }

/* Pushed to the far end so it never crowds the label text */
.counter {
  margin-left: auto;
  padding-left: var(--sp-3);
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-faint);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.counter.over { color: var(--danger); }

.input,
input[type="text"], input[type="email"], input[type="url"],
input[type="date"], input[type="number"], input[type="search"],
textarea, select {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  min-height: 46px;
  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--bg-elevated);
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  line-height: 1.55;
  transition: border-color var(--t-fast), box-shadow var(--t-fast), background var(--t-fast);
}

input::placeholder, textarea::placeholder { color: var(--text-faint); opacity: 1; }

input:focus, textarea:focus, select:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px var(--accent-ring);
}

textarea { resize: vertical; min-height: 130px; }
textarea.tall { min-height: 300px; }

/* Round search input so it matches adjacent pill controls */
.search-box input { border-radius: var(--r-pill); }

.field-hint { font-size: var(--fs-xs); color: var(--text-faint); }

/* Error state: colour + icon + text, never colour alone */
.field-error {
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--danger);
}

.field-error::before {
  content: '!';
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 15px;
  height: 15px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--danger);
  color: var(--bg);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.field.has-error input,
.field.has-error textarea,
.field.has-error select { border-color: var(--danger); background: var(--danger-soft); }

.field.has-error .field-error { display: flex; }

.form-alert {
  display: none;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  padding: var(--sp-4);
  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
}

.form-alert.show { display: flex; }
.form-alert svg { width: 19px; height: 19px; flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 1px; }
.form-alert.success { background: var(--success-soft); color: var(--success); border-color: var(--success); }
.form-alert.error { background: var(--danger-soft); color: var(--danger); border-color: var(--danger); }

.form-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  padding-top: var(--sp-2);
}

/* Image upload / preview */
.upload-zone {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  padding: var(--sp-6) var(--sp-4);
  border: 2px dashed var(--border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--r-md);
  background: var(--surface-2);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  text-align: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color var(--t-fast), background var(--t-fast), color var(--t-fast);
}

.upload-zone:hover,
.upload-zone.is-dragover { border-color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); color: var(--accent); }

.upload-zone svg { width: 30px; height: 30px; }
.upload-zone strong { font-size: var(--fs-sm); color: var(--text); }
.upload-zone small { font-size: var(--fs-xs); }
.upload-zone:hover strong { color: var(--accent); }

.image-preview { position: relative; margin-top: var(--sp-3); display: none; }
.image-preview.show { display: block; }

.image-preview .cover { border: 1px solid var(--border); }

.image-preview-clear {
  position: absolute;
  top: var(--sp-2);
  right: var(--sp-2);
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  min-height: 34px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--scrim);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  color: var(--text);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-strong);
}

.image-preview-clear:hover { color: var(--danger); border-color: var(--danger); }
.image-preview-clear svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; }

.divider-or {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  color: var(--text-faint);
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.divider-or::before,
.divider-or::after { content: ''; flex: 1; height: 1px; background: var(--border); }

/* Live preview panel on create-post */
.preview-panel { position: sticky; top: calc(var(--header-h) + var(--sp-4)); }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   13. ARTICLE (single post)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.article-head { margin-bottom: var(--sp-5); }

.article-title {
  font-size: var(--fs-3xl);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.032em;
  margin-block: var(--sp-3);
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

.article-cover {
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  border-radius: var(--r-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-6);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.article-byline {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: var(--sp-4);
  padding-block: var(--sp-4);
  border-block: 1px solid var(--border);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-6);
}

.byline-name { font-weight: 700; font-size: var(--fs-sm); color: var(--text); }
.byline-bio { font-size: var(--fs-xs); color: var(--text-muted); }

.article-body {
  font-size: var(--fs-md);
  line-height: 1.85;
  color: var(--text);
  max-width: 68ch;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

.article-body > * + * { margin-top: var(--sp-5); }

.article-body h2 {
  font-size: var(--fs-xl);
  margin-top: var(--sp-7);
  scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--header-h) + 20px);
}

.article-body h3 { font-size: var(--fs-lg); margin-top: var(--sp-6); }

.article-body p { color: var(--text-muted); }

.article-body strong { color: var(--text); font-weight: 700; }

.article-body ul, .article-body ol { padding-left: 1.3em; color: var(--text-muted); }
.article-body li + li { margin-top: var(--sp-2); }
.article-body li::marker { color: var(--accent); }

.article-body blockquote {
  padding: var(--sp-4) var(--sp-5);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 0 var(--r-sm) var(--r-sm) 0;
  background: var(--surface);
  font-size: var(--fs-lg);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--text);
}

.article-body code {
  padding: 2px 7px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  background: var(--surface-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  font-family: ui-monospace, 'SF Mono', Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: .88em;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.article-body img { border-radius: var(--r-md); border: 1px solid var(--border); }

.article-figure { margin-top: var(--sp-6); }
.article-figure figcaption {
  margin-top: var(--sp-2);
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  color: var(--text-faint);
  text-align: center;
}

/* Share row */
.share-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  padding: var(--sp-4) 0;
  margin-top: var(--sp-7);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.share-row .label {
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--text-faint);
  margin-right: var(--sp-2);
}

/* Prev / next */
.prevnext { display: grid; gap: var(--sp-3); margin-top: var(--sp-6); }

.prevnext a {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 5px;
  padding: var(--sp-4) var(--sp-5);
  border-radius: var(--r-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--surface);
  transition: border-color var(--t-fast), transform var(--t-fast), background var(--t-fast);
}

.prevnext a:hover { border-color: var(--accent); transform: translateY(-2px); background: var(--surface-hover); }

.prevnext .dir {
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.prevnext .ttl {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--text);
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
  line-clamp: 2;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.prevnext .next { text-align: right; }

/* Comments */
.comment-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--sp-3); margin-top: var(--sp-5); }

.comment {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  padding: var(--sp-4);
  border-radius: var(--r-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--surface);
}

.comment-main { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }

.comment-head {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  margin-bottom: 3px;
}

.comment-name { font-weight: 700; font-size: var(--fs-sm); }
.comment-time { font-size: var(--fs-xs); color: var(--text-faint); }
.comment-text { font-size: var(--fs-sm); color: var(--text-muted); overflow-wrap: break-word; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   14. EMPTY STATES, PAGINATION, TOASTS, MODAL, SCROLL-TOP
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.empty-state {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-4);
  text-align: center;
  padding: var(--sp-8) var(--sp-5);
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  border: 1px dashed var(--border-strong);
  background: var(--surface);
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}

.empty-state .art {
  width: 84px;
  height: 84px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--accent);
}

.empty-state .art svg { width: 38px; height: 38px; color: var(--accent); }
.empty-state h3 { font-size: var(--fs-lg); }
.empty-state p { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: var(--fs-sm); max-width: 42ch; }

.load-more-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-top: var(--sp-6); }

/* Toasts */
.toast-region {
  position: fixed;
  right: var(--sp-5);
  bottom: var(--sp-5);
  z-index: var(--z-toast);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  max-width: min(380px, calc(100vw - 32px));
  pointer-events: none;
}

.toast {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  padding: var(--sp-4);
  border-radius: var(--r-md);
  background: var(--bg-elevated);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-strong);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  pointer-events: auto;
  animation: toastIn 320ms cubic-bezier(.16, 1, .3, 1) both;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
}

.toast.success { border-left-color: var(--success); }
.toast.error { border-left-color: var(--danger); }
.toast.is-leaving { animation: toastOut 220ms ease both; }
.toast svg { width: 19px; height: 19px; flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 1px; }
.toast.success svg { color: var(--success); }
.toast.error svg { color: var(--danger); }
.toast.info svg { color: var(--accent); }

@keyframes toastIn {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(16px) scale(.95); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
}

@keyframes toastOut {
  to { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px) scale(.96); }
}

/* Confirm modal */
.modal-backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: var(--z-modal);
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  padding: var(--sp-5);
  background: rgba(4, 8, 16, .68);
  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
  animation: fadeIn 180ms ease both;
}

.modal {
  width: min(430px, 100%);
  padding: var(--sp-6);
  border-radius: var(--r-lg);
  background: var(--bg-elevated);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-strong);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  animation: modalIn 240ms cubic-bezier(.16, 1, .3, 1) both;
}

.modal h3 { font-size: var(--fs-lg); margin-bottom: var(--sp-2); }
.modal p { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: var(--fs-sm); margin-bottom: var(--sp-5); }
.modal-actions { display: flex; gap: var(--sp-3); justify-content: flex-end; }

@keyframes fadeIn { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } }
@keyframes modalIn {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(18px) scale(.97); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
}

/* Scroll to top */
.scroll-top {
  position: fixed;
  right: var(--sp-5);
  bottom: var(--sp-5);
  z-index: calc(var(--z-toast) - 1);
  width: 46px;
  height: 46px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-strong);
  color: var(--text);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(14px);
  transition: opacity var(--t-base), transform var(--t-base), visibility var(--t-base);
}

.scroll-top.show { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: none; }
.scroll-top:hover { color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); }
.scroll-top svg { width: 19px; height: 19px; }

/* Reading progress bar on article pages */
.read-progress {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 3px;
  width: 0%;
  z-index: calc(var(--z-header) + 1);
  background: var(--brand-gradient);
  transition: width 90ms linear;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   15. FOOTER
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.site-footer {
  margin-top: var(--sp-9);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--bg-elevated);
  padding-block: var(--sp-7) var(--sp-5);
}

.footer-grid { display: grid; gap: var(--sp-6); }

.footer-brand img { height: 40px; width: auto; margin-bottom: var(--sp-3); }

.footer-tagline {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  max-width: 34ch;
}

.footer-col h4 {
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--text);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-3);
}

.footer-col ul { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--sp-2); }
.footer-col a { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: var(--fs-sm); }
.footer-col a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* Email / phone sit above the icon row in the footer's Connect column */
.footer-contact {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}

.footer-contact a {
  font-size: var(--fs-sm);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.footer-contact a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.social-row { display: flex; gap: var(--sp-2); }

.social-row a {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  transition: color var(--t-fast), border-color var(--t-fast), transform var(--t-fast), background var(--t-fast);
}

.social-row a:hover { color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); transform: translateY(-2px); }
.social-row svg { width: 17px; height: 17px; }

.footer-bottom {
  margin-top: var(--sp-6);
  padding-top: var(--sp-4);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--sp-2) var(--sp-4);
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  font-size: var(--fs-xs);
  color: var(--text-faint);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   16. PAGE TRANSITIONS & SCROLL REVEAL
   JS adds `.js` to <html>; without JS everything stays visible.
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.js body { animation: pageFade 420ms ease both; }

@keyframes pageFade {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(6px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
}

.js .reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(22px);
  transition: opacity 620ms cubic-bezier(.16, 1, .3, 1),
              transform 620ms cubic-bezier(.16, 1, .3, 1);
}

.js .reveal.is-visible { opacity: 1; transform: none; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   17. ACCESSIBILITY / MOTION / PRINT
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after {
    animation-duration: .01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: .01ms !important;
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
  }
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  .js .reveal { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
}

@media (prefers-contrast: more) {
  :root { --border: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3); --text-muted: #C6D2E4; }
  [data-theme="light"] { --border: #9AA8BC; --text-muted: #33415A; }
}

@media print {
  .site-header, .site-footer, .share-row, .prevnext, .scroll-top,
  .toast-region, .read-progress, .toolbar, .card-tools, .comment-form { display: none !important; }
  body { background: #fff; color: #000; }
  .article-body, .article-body p { color: #000; max-width: none; }
  a { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; }
  .article-cover { box-shadow: none; }
}